What should a researcher do if a child who is required to assent to a study declines to participate?

If a child who is required to assent declines to participate in a study, it is essential to honor the child's decision. Respecting the wishes of the child is a fundamental ethical principle in research involving minors. Assent is meant to ensure that the child is willing to participate and understands, in age-appropriate terms, what the study entails. If a child feels uncomfortable or chooses not to participate, their autonomy and voice should be respected, highlighting the importance of ethical considerations in participant consent processes.

While it might seem tempting to ask the child again or seek consent from parents, those approaches could undermine the child's perspective and autonomy. The child's refusal should be taken seriously, and continuing to press them could result in undue pressure or stress. Instead, prioritizing the child’s decision reflects both ethical integrity and a commitment to involving young participants in their own rights regarding participation in research.